Publication Materials

DaHRA Downloadable files
Anatomy of adult female and male D. magna.pdf
Anatomy ontology.xlsx
Triangle casting mold.stl
Tissue processing steps.pdf
Automated steps for histolgy slide staining.pdf
Gross Anatomy RNASeq.xlsx


Anatomical Definition

References
Crustacea Glossary by Natural History of Los Angeles County at https://research.nhm.org/glossary/
Maggenti, M. A. B. and Maggenti, A. R.; Scott L. Gardner (Ed) (2005): Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/onlinedictinvertzoology/2/ doi:10.13014/K2DR2SN5

Abdominal process (syn. abdominal outgrowth)
One of typically two dorsal processes projecting from border of trunk and postabdomen; considered to serve in closing off brood chamber posteriorly

Abdominal seta (pl. setae)
One of two elaborate setae located on small protuberance on dorsal surface of postabdomen

Adductor muscle (of carapace)
Muscle attached to carapace for pulling it to the body (thorax)

Aesthetasc
One in a tuft of sensory projections at tip of each antennule

Antenna (syn. second antenna, pl. antennae)
One of the second and much larger pair of antennae; located laterally near posterior margin of head; biramous, consisting of relatively large basal part (protopodite) bearing two- to four-segmented dorsal and ventral branches (rami), serves as principle locomotory organ and moved by relatively large antennal muscles

Antennule (syn. first antenna)
One of the first and typically much smaller pair of antennae; located ventrally near posterior margin of head; uniramous, unsegmented, with tuft of terminal aesthetascs

Anus
Posterior opening of digestive tract at end of postabdomen

Adductor muscle
Muscles attached to the carapace that pull it to the body, or connect the carapace

Brood Chamber (syn. brood pouch)
Any space or sac-like cavity utilized as a uterus, in which eggs or embryos are developed

Carapace (syn. shell)
A cuticular, usually calcified, single-piece (univalved) shield which, if fully developed, covers only posterior part of body (trunk); laterally compressed, with ventral gape, and therefore occasionally described as bivalved

Carapace Spine (syn. apical spine, posterior spine, shell spine)
Large, posteriorly directed, spine-like structure formed by posterodorsal extension of carapace

Cerebral ganglion (syn. supraesophageal ganglion)
One of a pair of ganglia (or fused median ganglion) situated in the head or anterior part of the body in front of or dorsal to the esophagus; often termed as brain

Chitin
A resistant complex chemical compound, the chief constituent of the exoskeleton, or carapace

Compound eye
One of two large photosensitive organs on head; sessile, typically fused, and enclosed within optic vesicle; movable by series of optic muscles

Hepatic cecum (syn. cecum, digestive cecum, midgut diverticulum)
One of two lateral digestive organs of midgut; located in head posterior to border of esophagus and midgut

Dorsal
Of, or pertaining to, the back or upper surface

End sac (of maxillary gland)
Expanded proximal section of each maxillary gland; opens to exterior via tubule (convoluted duct)

Endite
Inwardly (medially) directed, setose lobe of basal part (protopodite) of trunk appendage; first endite typically well delimited, the following endites increasingly incorporated into endopodite

Ephippium
Egg case formed by walls of brood pouch, typically separated from rest of carapace during molting

Epipodite
In trunk appendage, laterally (outwardly) directed lobe projecting from base of protopodite, represents only lobe articulated with appendage and serves in respiration.

Esophagus (syn. foregut, stomodeum)
Relatively short and narrow anterior section of digestive tract, ectodermal in origin and line with cuticle; cast off with molt

Exopodite
Lobe-like outer branch of trunk appendage; lacks articulation with protopodal part of appendage

Exoskeleton
Chitinous or calcified outer integument covering trunk and appendages

Filter plate (syn. filter comb)
One of the paired structures on thoracic appendages (usually third and fourth) that serves to filter suspended feeding matter

Food groove
Elongate median groove between bases of thoracic appendages, passed anteriorly along food groove, and transferred to mouth

Fornix
Ridge in lateral part of cephalon above insertion of antennal muscles

Gnathobase
Paired endites used to manipulate or move food

Gonopore
Opening of male reproductive system to exterior

Head (syn. cephalon)
Anterior of two divisions of body (head, trunk); bearing antennules, antennae, mandibles, maxillules, (reduced) maxillae, compound and naupliar eyes, and may be covered by a head shield; not enclosed by carapace

Head shield (syn. cephalic shield)
Variously developed, unpaired, shield-like structure covering head

Heart
In circulatory system, typically short, muscular pumping organ located anterior to brood chamber in trunk; blood enters heart through single pair of ostia and is pumped anteriorly into a sinus

Hemolymph
The circulating fluid; composed of cells and plasma; often loosely termed as blood.

Hemocyte
A mesodermal cell, sessile, circulating in the hemolymph; often loosely termed as blood cell

Hindgut (syn. proctodeum)
Short posterior most section of digestive tract between midgut and anus

Integument
Outer covering of exoskeleton

Labrum (syn. upper lip)
Unpaired, median lip-like structure posterior to mouth, distal ends of mandibles extend under labrum

Levator muscle
A muscle serving to raise an organ or part

Mandible
Paired, jaw-like cutting, grinding, or crushing appendages, consists of a fairly hard, chitinised region

Maxillule (syn. first maxilla, maxillula)
Cephalic appendages immediately posterior to mandibles, serving as mouth part.

Maxillary gland (syn. shell gland)
One of two excretory organs located in head and opening ventrally at level of maxillule; forms several loops (tubule).

Midgut
Elongate section of digestive tract between esophagus and hindgut

Nerve cord
Pair of widely separated, longitudinal nerve cords extending into trunk from posterior part of cerebral ganglion; forms ladder-like chain with relatively few, occasionally fused ganglia

Ocellus (syn. median eye, naupliar eye)
Small median photosensitive organ located ventrally on head between mouth and compound eye

Ommatidium (pl. ommatidia)
One of the component units of a compound eye, consisting essentially of an optical and a sensory part

Optic lobe
Lateral extensions of the protocerebrum or nervous system for innervation of an eye

Optic nerve
Nerve(s) leading from cerebral ganglion to each (fused) compound eye

Ostium (pl. ostia)
One of two lateral openings in heart; hemolymph enters heart through ostia and is pumped anteriorly

Ovary
Paired section of female reproductive system in which eggs are produced; typically extends through anterior part of trunk, one along each side of midgut, opens dorsally via oviduct into brood chamber

Oviduct
Short and narrow section of female reproductive system between posterior part of each ovary and dorsal brood chamber

Peritropic membrane
Chitinous membrane, secreted in anterior region of midgut and surrounding feces; considered to protect midgut lining from damage during passage of undigestible material

Postabdomen
Recurved (turned ventrally and forward) posteriormost region of trunk, bears pair of abdominal setae proximally and caudal rami distally), as well as series of spines (anal spines) and denticles, terminating in 2 claws

Postabdominal claw (syn. claw, caudal ramus, terminal claw)
One of two relatively short, claw-shaped projections at end of postabomen, may bear up to three series (pectens) of minute spines

Protocerebrum
One of two anterior dorsal cerebral ganglia; receives the optic nerves

Protopodite (syn. protopod)
Proximal part of trunk appendage; bears one or two distinguishable endites along inner margin and epipodite on outer margin, as well as distal endopodite and exopodite

Basal part of each antenna; relatively long, bearing two- to four-segmented dorsal and ventral branches (rami)

Ramus (pl. rami)
Branch of appendage, refers either to dorsal or ventral branches of antennae

Ridge
Elevated ridge along carapace.

Rostrum
Anterior (ventrally directed) beaklike extension of head

Seta (pl. setae)
A cuticular hair arising from the outside of the exoskeleton

A cuticular process that is clearly articulated with the basal cuticle

Setule
A small bristle or spine on seta

Sperm duct (syn. Vas deferens)
Narrow section of male reproductive system extending from posterior end of each testis to gonopore(s)

Spinule
Small spine along dorsal margin of carapace

Testis (pl. testes)
Paired section of male reproductive system in which sperm are produced, extend through anterior part of trunk, one to each side of midgut; opens to exterior via ventrally directed vas deferens

Thoracic appendage (syn. thoracic limb, trunk limb, thoracopod)
One of five pairs of appendages of anterior region of trunk (thorax); basically biramous, consisting of indistinct proximal protopodite (with endites and epipodite) and more distal endopodite and exopodite

Thorax
anterior appendage-bearing region of trunk

Trunk
Posterior of two divisions of body (head, trunk), consist of thorax, abdomen, and postabdomen

Transverse
Crossing at right angles to the longitudinal axis; lying across or between

Tubule (of maxillary gland)
One of the convoluted ducts of paired maxillary gland

Ventral
The lower or underside of the body, that which is normally facing downwards